Periodontitis involves infection and progressive loss of the alveolar bone around the teeth. Pdf association of periodontitis with preterm birth and. In the united states, prematurity and the related disorders cause more than 70% of prenatal and infant mortality. Association of periodontitis with preterm birth and low birth weight. This outcome is at variance with findings of other studies, which have. The odds ratio showed that the risk of low birth weight in pregnant women with periodontitis was 15. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of maternal periodontal disease on preterm delivery andor birth of low weight infants. The incidence of preterm low birth weight still prevails in developed as well as developing countries though the numbers may vary. Many risk factors have been identified including ethnicity, age, tobacco, and infection. Birth and developmental correlates of birth weight in a sample of children with potential sensory processing disorder simone v gill1, teresa a maybenson2,3, alison teasdale2,3 and elizabeth g munsell1 abstract background.
The women with preterm lowbirthweight babies had deeper periodontal pockets. Periodontal disease is very common during pregnancy. Periodontal disease and pregnancy periodontal associates. Prostaglandin is a laborinducing compound found in one of the oral bacteria strains associated with periodontitis. Treatment during pregnancy does not reduce preterm birth but is safe and should be performed to enhance maternal oral health. Evidence grade associating periodontitis to preterm birth. This is a air force inst of tech wrightpattersonafb oh report procured by the pentagon and made available for public release. Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and low. Elevated levels of prostaglandin can cause the mother to give birth prematurely and deliver a baby with a low birth weight.
This study was undertaken to assess the effect of maternal periodontal disease on preterm delivery andor birth of lowweight infants. The periodontal diseases are highly prevalent inflammatory and infectious diseases of tooth supporting tissues. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the pentagon. The aim of this study was assessing the periodontal status of women during puerperium and determining the possible relationship between their periodontal disease and low birth weight delivery. Pdf can maternal periodontal disease be a risk factor. Expectant mothers periodontal health vital to health of. Maternal periodontal disease as a significant risk factor for low birth. Periodontal disease has been suggested to be an important risk factor for preterm low birthweight plbw. Introduction rematurity and immaturity is a main cause of prenatal and infant mortality and morbidity in developed societies. Of the selected studies, 9 implied an association between periodontal disease and increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and or preterm low birth weight outcome ors ranging from 2. This paper will explain the possible mechanisms linking nutrition and periodontal disease, as well as the guidelines currently available to the dental profession. Periodontal disease increases the likelihood of having a preterm birth, which is one of the leading causes of infant mortality. Low birth weight, periodontal disease, pregnancy, preterm labor.
Relationship between maternal periodontal disease and. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, shilpa trivedi and others published periodontal diseases and pregnancy find, read and cite. An increasing number of studies are confirming an association between periodontal disease pd and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of maternal periodontitis with low birth weight lbw and preterm birth pb. Maternal periodontal disease and preterm, low birth weight infants in an air force population joseph a. Treatment of periodontal disease and the risk of preterm birth. In 1996 periodontitis was proven to be a possible significant and independent risk factor of preterm birth of newborns with low body weight. Periodontal disease and its relationship with preterm. Health, general bacterial vaginosis complications and side effects research care and treatment diagnosis risk factors periodontal diseases premature birth vaginosis. Periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm lowbirth weight babies.
However, ppd and cal do not always reflect current periodontal tissue inflammation. Periodontal disease and preterm delivery of lowbirth. Therefore, assessment of bleeding on probing index bop, an indicator of periodontal. Research has indicated that women with periodontal disease may be at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such giving birth to a preterm or lowbirth weight baby, reports the aap and efp. The results have been normalized for other factors, such as lifestyle and dietary factors, but there appears to be an independent association between periodontitis and the. Original article relationship between periodontal disease. Research has linked periodontal gum disease to preterm birth and low birthweight babies at cigna, we have learned that with preventive care, many of the complications and costs associated with an unhealthy birth can be reduced and a lot of pain and suffering can be avoided. The relationship between maternal periodontitis and preterm low. Treatment of periodontitis in pregnant women improves periodontal disease and is safe but does not significantly alter rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, or fetal growth restriction. Maternal risk factors for ptb include young or advanced age, nutritional status, pre and antenatal care, smoking and alcohol consumption, and chronic inflammation and infections but the cause of spontaneous preterm labor remains unidentified in up to half of all cases.
A summary of studies according to pregnancy outcome is shown. Birth and developmental correlates of birth weight in a. Plbw is one of the highly significant causes for mortality and morbidity among infant. Preterm birth ptb which refers to the delivery of a new born child before the 37th week of pregnancy and low birth weight lbw which refers to the birth of a newborn child with a weight equal or less than 2500 gms are grouped under the term of preterm low birth weight plb w. Pd places pregnant women at greater risk for preterm birth than alcohol consumption or smoking. Research has linked periodontal gum disease to preterm. Association between maternal periodontal disease and. This underscores the importance of offering dental screening to women who are pregnant or contemplating pregnancy and the need for physicians who provide obstetric care. Primary outcomes were maternal mortality, preterm birth, and perinatal mortality. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory process with multifactorial etiology and adversely affects the outcome of pregnancy which becomes a major public health problem. C reactive protein crp this protein, which has been previously linked to heart disease, has now been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia and. Half of the mothers had low birth babies lbw birth weight below 2500g case group and the others had normal weight babies 2500g control group. There is emerging evidence that periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease 8,9, poor metabolic control of diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia 11,12, low birth weight,14 and preterm birth 14,15 the existence of a relationship between periodontal disease and.
A significant risk factor for preterm low birth weight ptlbw babies article pdf available in biology and medicine 32. Research presented in a recent paper by michalowicz et al published in the new england journal of medicine nejm suggests that treatment of periodontitis in pregnant women improves periodontal health and is safe but does not significantly alter rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, or fetal growth restriction. Therefore, chemical mediators, principally crp, might be a plausible mediator of the association between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Effects of periodontal treatment phase i on birth term and. Preterm low birth weight and maternal periodontal status. Adult periodontal infection periodontitis affects up to 40% of women of reproductive age and is associated with preterm birth. With a growing evidence base, an appreciation of the links between nutrition and inflammatory periodontal disease can help guide clinicians in educating. Association between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm. It has been suggested that periodontal disease is an important risk factor for preterm low birth weight plbw. Periodontal disease is a chronic, bacteriainduced, inflammatory condition that attacks the gum tissue and in more severe cases, the bone supporting the teeth.
Association between preterm and lowbirth weight with. Regarding the effects of periodontal disease on preterm delivery and low birth weight which cause prenatal and infant mortality, high treatment expenses, and the consequent emotional problems, we recommend the women to perform prophylactic activities, cure periodontal disease and care for tooth and oral health before and during the pregnancy. Periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes sage journals. In fact, findings show that perio disease is a more common cause for preterm and low birth weight babies than alcohol consumption or smoking. In the developed world, the preterm birth rate approximates 7%. Prostaglandin periodontal disease appears to elevate levels of prostaglandin in mothers who are suffering from the more advanced forms of the condition. In spain the incidence of preterm births in 2005 was 7. It has been recently suggested that periodontal disease is an associated factor for prematurity and low birth weight. Periodontitis and prematurity are social diseases with common risk factors. Periodontal infections, which serve as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators, may pose a threat to the fetalplacental unit and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Fiftynine pregnant women with a high risk for a preterm low birth weight infant suffering from preterm contractions, cases, group 1 as well as 42 control women with no preterm contractions during pregnancy and having an infant appropriate for date and weight. The association of periodontitis as risk factor for preterm birth has been in extensive. Adverse pregnancy outcome eg, spontaneous preterm birth sptb and low birth weight is not only a highpriority health issue but also one of the easiest to study. The periodontal disease as a risk factor for preterm birth.
Periodontal disease is a gramnegative anaerobic infection of the mouth that affects up to 90% of the population, and has. This obstetric complication is usually a direct result of preterm birth ptb, in which case it is referred to. Periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm birth and low birth weight. This obstetric complication is usually a direct result of preterm labour, in. None background periodontal diseases are a group of infections. Low birth weight, which affects the health of a newborn, is a result. Adverse birth outcomes related to the length of gestation preterm birth are recognized as one of the most significant disorders in maternalchild health at a global scale. Here we report a casecontrol study of 236 cases infants periodontitis. Relationship between periodontal inflammation and fetal. Periodontitis as a risk factor for preterm lowbirth. Association of periodontal disease and preterm low birth.
Interrelation between periodontal disease and preterm birth. Maternal periodontal disease and preterm, low birth weight. The sample included 88 ex pregnant women were seen at maternity hospitals of yazd, iran. Lowbirth weight, periodontal diseases, periodontitis, preeclampsia, pregnancy, preterm labor. This obstetric complication is usually a direct result of. Pdf relationship between periodontal disease and preterm.
For ten years, the incidence of preterm birth does not decrease in developed countries despite the promotion of public health programs. Clinical periodontal status was recorded on a full mouth basis. Evidence grade associating periodontitis to preterm birth andor low birth weight. The association between periodontal disease and preterm low. Gum disease, preterm delivery, low birth weight, gingivitis, periodontitis. The aim of this work was to assess the periodontal status of puerperae and determine its possible relationship with preterm low birth weight plbw delivery. The periodontal disease index has an accuracy of 88. The authors concluded that the periodontal health is an independent risk factor for premature birth babies and low birth weight babies. Periodontal disease in pregnant women, evaluated by probing pocket depth ppd or clinical attachment level cal, significantly increases the risk of subsequent preterm birth pb andor low birth weight lbw. Preterm birth and low birth weight are the leading perinatal problems world wide, and they account.
According to the journal of the american dental association, increasing evidence suggests that maternal gingivitis inflammation of the gums and periodontitis inflammation and disease of the structures surrounding the teeth may be risk factors for preterm birth and. Pdf periodontal diseases and pregnancy researchgate. Can maternal periodontal disease be a risk factor for low. Pregnancy and periodontal disease excellence in dentistry. However, almost 50% of preterm birth causes remain unknown. Periodontitis and risk of preterm birth and low birthweight a metaanalysis. We know the best birth outcomes dont start in the delivery room. Relationship between periodontal diseases and preterm. Pdf low birth weight lbw infants are those that weigh less than 2500g at the time of birth.
The studies focused on preterm birth, low birth weight and or preterm low birth weight and periodontitis. Numerous studies on the influence of periodontitis on the time of birth andor birth weight of newborns have been conducted throughout the world since, including. The link between periodontal disease and low birth weight. Relationship between periodontal disease and preterm low. Preterm low birth weight plbw is the most frequent cause of infant mortality. Low birth weight lbw, defined as birth weight less than 2,500 g, continues to be a significant public health issue in both developed and developing countries.
1599 444 1344 1270 1478 531 1296 379 1189 1234 447 1579 15 1157 574 562 1224 1306 661 96 393 674 388 751 201 1194 1308 1360 487 366 1455 930 761 502 929 1140 1033 1110 434